GI / liver
GI & hepatology
Bleed, pancreas, and the failing liver. Forrest, Glasgow-Blatchford, MASLD, ascites, HE grades, HCC, and HRS-AKI.
01
GERD & peptic ulcer disease
No alarm features: 8-week once-daily PPI 30 min before breakfast. Alarm (dysphagia, bleed, weight loss, IDA, vomiting, age ≥60) → EGD.
Catherine Tang5 min6 Qs02
Diarrhea
Acute <14 d, mostly viral. Workup if severe, bloody, high-risk, >1 week: BMP, C. diff, stool PCR, O&P if travel/MSM/immunocompromised.
Hailey Harris5 min6 Qs03
Upper GI bleeding
Proximal to ligament of Treitz. Hematemesis/melena; hematochezia if brisk. GBS 0–1 may go home.
Paola Matos Ruiz5 min6 Qs04
Lower GI bleeding
Distal to Treitz. Diverticular, angioectasia, colitis, neoplasm, post-polypectomy, hemorrhoids, ischemic colitis (left, painful, bloody).
Brittni Driscoll5 min6 Qs05
Pancreatitis & pancreatic mass
2 of 3: typical pain, lipase ≥3× ULN, imaging. Gallstones #1 women; alcohol #1 men. TG, drugs, ERCP, hyperCa, post-op, idiopathic.
Lucas Cofer5 min6 Qs06
Liver chemistry tests
Hepatocellular: ALT/AST. Cholestatic: ALP/GGT/bili. Mixed is common. ALP from bone vs liver: GGT or fractionation.
Tushar Kamath5 min6 Qs07
Biliary disease
Cholelithiasis: often asymptomatic. Biliary colic: episodic RUQ after meals, US first.
Tushar Kamath5 min6 Qs08
Acute liver injury & failure
ALF = acute liver injury + INR ≥1.5 + encephalopathy, no prior cirrhosis (except acute Wilson, HBV, AIH flares).
Rahul Gupta & Dan Rubin5 min6 Qs09
Viral hepatitis
HAV: fecal-oral, self-limited, vaccine preventable, no chronicity. Post-exposure: vaccine ± IG.
Rahul Gupta & Dan Rubin5 min6 Qs10
Alcohol-related liver disease
Spectrum: steatosis → AH → cirrhosis. Harmful drinking: ≥3/d men, ≥2/d women (or binge). AUDIT-C screen.
Maggie Selesky5 min6 Qs11
Metabolic liver disease
MASLD = hepatic steatosis + cardiometabolic risk without competing etiology. MASH = inflammation + ballooning ± fibrosis.
Paola Matos Ruiz5 min6 Qs12
Cirrhosis & compensated ESLD
Compensated vs decompensated (ascites, variceal bleed, HE, jaundice). Decompensation jumps mortality.
Maggie Selesky5 min6 Qs13
Ascites & SBP
Diagnostic tap on every admission with ascites. SAAG ≥1.1 = portal hypertension. High protein >2.5: cardiac, Budd-Chiari; low protein: cirrhosis.
Julia Cohn5 min6 Qs14
Hepatic encephalopathy
Clinical diagnosis. Ammonia supports but a normal value does not exclude HE in cirrhosis.
Sophie Pan5 min6 Qs15
Hepatocellular carcinoma
2–4%/year in cirrhosis. Screen US ± AFP q6 months. Diagnose with multiphase CT/MRI (LI-RADS); biopsy if atypical.
Sophie Pan5 min6 Qs16
Hepatorenal syndrome
HRS-AKI: cirrhosis + ascites + KDIGO AKI after 48 h off diuretics + albumin 1 g/kg/day, no shock, no nephrotoxins, no structural kidney disease (bland urine, normal US).
Andie Gong5 min6 Qs